Objective 15
Describe
stimulus generalization, higher order conditioning, discrimination, and
extinction in classical conditioning.
Explanation:
Stimulus generalization is the tendency after a response becomes conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to create similar responses. Higher order conditioning is a procedure where the conditioned stimulus in one conditioned experience, is paired with a new neutral stimulus creating a second conditioned stimulus. Discrimination is the ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that does not signal an unconditioned stimulus. Extinction is the diminishing of a conditioned response.
Stimulus generalization is the tendency after a response becomes conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to create similar responses. Higher order conditioning is a procedure where the conditioned stimulus in one conditioned experience, is paired with a new neutral stimulus creating a second conditioned stimulus. Discrimination is the ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that does not signal an unconditioned stimulus. Extinction is the diminishing of a conditioned response.
Example:
An example of generalization is found in my textbook, Psychology Tenth Edition in Modules. Pavlov showed generalization by putting a vibrator to different parts of a dog's body. He conditioned salivation to stimulation on the thigh. The closer the stimulation took place to the thigh the stronger the dog salivated. This shows how if the conditioned stimulus is close to another stimulus there will be similar responses.
An example of generalization is found in my textbook, Psychology Tenth Edition in Modules. Pavlov showed generalization by putting a vibrator to different parts of a dog's body. He conditioned salivation to stimulation on the thigh. The closer the stimulation took place to the thigh the stronger the dog salivated. This shows how if the conditioned stimulus is close to another stimulus there will be similar responses.
Example:
An example of extinction can be found in my textbook, Psychology Tenth Edition in Modules. Pavlov wanted to know what would happen if after conditioning a conditioned stimulus occurred repeatedly without an unconditioned stimulus. When the tone was played without food the dog salivated less and less which is extinction. The dog didn't respond to the tone because no food was coming with it.
An example of extinction can be found in my textbook, Psychology Tenth Edition in Modules. Pavlov wanted to know what would happen if after conditioning a conditioned stimulus occurred repeatedly without an unconditioned stimulus. When the tone was played without food the dog salivated less and less which is extinction. The dog didn't respond to the tone because no food was coming with it.