Objective 37
Describe the
characteristics of short and long term memory and the theories of
forgetting.
Explanation:
Long term memory is the permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. It includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. Long term memory includes encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the processing of information into the memory system. Storage is the retention of information over time, and retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage. Short term memory is the memory that holds a few items briefly, like seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. Short term memory only holds around seven things for a few seconds. Forgetting can happen at each of the three stages of memory. Much of what we sense we never notice and what we don't encode we will not remember. Age can also affect encoding efficiency. The next place forgetting can happen is during storage. After we encode something we sometimes can get it from storage. Cognitive neuroscientists are getting closer to solving the mystery of the physical storage of memory and are finding out how memory stage could decay. The last place forgetting can happen is during retrieval. Sometimes we just can't retrieve things from our memory. You might feel like this when something is on the tip of your tongue.
Long term memory is the permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. It includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. Long term memory includes encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the processing of information into the memory system. Storage is the retention of information over time, and retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage. Short term memory is the memory that holds a few items briefly, like seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. Short term memory only holds around seven things for a few seconds. Forgetting can happen at each of the three stages of memory. Much of what we sense we never notice and what we don't encode we will not remember. Age can also affect encoding efficiency. The next place forgetting can happen is during storage. After we encode something we sometimes can get it from storage. Cognitive neuroscientists are getting closer to solving the mystery of the physical storage of memory and are finding out how memory stage could decay. The last place forgetting can happen is during retrieval. Sometimes we just can't retrieve things from our memory. You might feel like this when something is on the tip of your tongue.
Example:
This website, http://psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/a/memory.htm, gives some more information on the different types of memory. It also talked about clustering which helps people remember things. Clustering is used to organize information into groups. If you had the words desk, apple, bookshelf, red, plum, table, green, pineapple, purple, chair, peach, and yellow you could use the categories color, furniture, and fruit to remember them.
This website, http://psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/a/memory.htm, gives some more information on the different types of memory. It also talked about clustering which helps people remember things. Clustering is used to organize information into groups. If you had the words desk, apple, bookshelf, red, plum, table, green, pineapple, purple, chair, peach, and yellow you could use the categories color, furniture, and fruit to remember them.
Example:
This website, http://www.mindtools.com/memory.html, tells some ways to improve your memory. It talks about mnemonics which are memory tools that help you remember information that is difficult to recall. A good mnemonic has three things which are imagination, association and location.
This website, http://www.mindtools.com/memory.html, tells some ways to improve your memory. It talks about mnemonics which are memory tools that help you remember information that is difficult to recall. A good mnemonic has three things which are imagination, association and location.